Timbuktu and the Songhay Empire
"Timbuktu is a town inhabited by people of various races, but the greater part is made up of Whites, such as Arabs; they are subject to the king of Gao.…
"Timbuktu is a town inhabited by people of various races, but the greater part is made up of Whites, such as Arabs; they are subject to the king of Gao.…
"Kanem-Borno, a former Muslim kingdom located northeast of Lake Chad, was created by a branch of the Zagawa people called Beni Sefi, with the likely collaboration of the Tubu, around…
These regions have since the eighth century A.D. been a stronghold of Moslem unorthodoxy--a remote area where the Zenatian Berber tribes, who embraced the doctrines of the Kharijites or "seceders"…
"Mervyn Hiskett describes the Islamic lands of West Africa as the area commonly referred to as "the west and central Sudan"...extending from the desert scrub in the "north" to the…
"At this period his territory did not extend to the northern bend of the Niger, which was occupied by Berbers. Jenne, the town which M. Dubois describes in his interesting…